What are the Usuki Stone Buddhas?
Usuki Stone Buddhas (臼杵石仏) are a group of stone Buddha carvings designated as a National Treasure, located in Usuki City, Oita Prefecture.
They are known as a rare example in Japan of cliff-carved Buddhas (magaibutsu),
and their history goes back more than 1,000 years.
Over 60 stone Buddhas are carved directly into natural rock walls,
and their exquisite carving techniques and distinctive expressions fascinate many visitors.
✅ The only stone Buddha group in Japan designated as a National Treasure
✅ A valuable cultural property with a history of over 1,000 years
✅ A mystical atmosphere to experience in the midst of nature
What makes the Usuki Stone Buddhas special?
1. The only stone Buddha group in Japan designated as a National Treasure
The Usuki Stone Buddhas are the only stone Buddha group in Japan designated as a National Treasure.
More than 40 Buddhas were carved at this site,
and they are well known for being well preserved to this day.
Main types of Buddhas
- Dainichi Nyorai (大日如来) … a Buddha with a dignified face (Vairocana)
- Amida Nyorai (阿弥陀如来) … a Buddha with a gentle smile (Amitabha)
- Jizo Bosatsu (地蔵菩薩) … a guardian of children (Jizo Bodhisattva)
In particular, the beautiful expression and delicate workmanship of the Dainichi Nyorai statue
are sometimes praised as "Japan's most beautiful stone Buddha."
It's amazing they have survived for over 1,000 years!
2. An impressive group of stone Buddhas — a mystical space in harmony with nature
The Usuki Stone Buddhas are cliff-carved Buddhas (magaibutsu) carved directly into the natural rock faces.
Because they are scattered across the hillside, you can feel a mystical atmosphere.
Layout of the stone Buddha areas
Hoki Stone Buddhas Group 1 & 2
- The most famous area, with many Amida and bodhisattva statues; this is where National Treasure-designated statues stand (including the Amida triad)
Sannoyama Stone Buddhas
- Weathering has progressed, but their expressions are gentle and beautiful
Furuzono Stone Buddhas
- Home to the Dainichi Nyorai statue, often called the symbol of the Usuki Stone Buddhas
The stone Buddhas set amid lush greenery evoke a sense of stillness as if time has stopped.
3. Why were the Buddhas carved here?
The history of the Usuki Stone Buddhas dates back to the end of the Heian period through the Kamakura period.
There are no clear records explaining why the large Buddhas were carved at this site, but
the following theories are proposed.
1) Spread of Buddhist faith
- Buddhism spread to Kyushu and people began creating stone Buddhas
2) Cultural exchange with China and the Korean Peninsula
- Influences from China and the Korean Peninsula inspired the creation of the stone Buddhas
3) A prayer site for local lords
- Local powerful families erected them to pray for protection from war and disasters
Which hypothesis is correct is unknown, but
the mystery of why these figures remain here after so many centuries
continues to draw many visitors.
4. How to visit and highlights
Unlike typical temples, the Usuki Stone Buddhas are experienced by walking among
the extensive outdoor sites where the stone Buddhas are scattered.
Recommended route (approx. 60 minutes)
- Hoki Stone Buddhas Group 1 & 2 (National Treasure area)
- Sannoyama Stone Buddhas (quiet atmosphere)
- Furuzono Stone Buddhas (considered the most beautiful)
Visitor tips
- Do not touch the stone Buddhas directly
- Be careful: paths can be slippery on rainy days
- Bring insect repellent — the area is rich in nature
Practical information for travelers
1. How to get to the Usuki Stone Buddhas
By train
- About 20 minutes by bus from JR Usuki Station
- About 30 minutes by limited express from JR Oita Station
By bus
- Get off at the "Usuki Sekibutsu-mae" (Usuki Stone Buddhas) bus stop from central Usuki
By car (parking available)
- About 50 minutes from Oita City
- About 2 hours from Fukuoka City
2. Nearby attractions
Usuki Castle Ruins (a spot to feel history)
Famous Usuki fugu restaurants (enjoy fresh blowfish dishes)
Usuki City Historical Museum (learn more about the history of the stone Buddhas)
Summary and Frequently Asked Questions
Summary
✅ The Usuki Stone Buddhas are the only stone Buddha group in Japan designated as a National Treasure
✅ They have a history of over 1,000 years and offer a mystical atmosphere
✅ Highlights include the Dainichi Nyorai statue and many other notable figures
✅ A must-visit spot when touring Oita
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: How much is the admission fee to the Usuki Stone Buddhas?
A: Admission is Adults ¥550, Children ¥270.
Q: What is the best season to visit the Usuki Stone Buddhas?
A: Spring (cherry blossom season) and autumn (fall foliage) are especially recommended!
Q: Are there English guides or information?
A: Yes, there are English pamphlets, and some explanations are available in English.
Q: Are there souvenirs?
A: Popular local souvenirs include "Stone Buddha manju" and "Usuki pottery".
The Usuki Stone Buddhas are not just a tourist site —
they are a symbol of Japan's history and faith preserved over a thousand years.
Be sure to visit when you are in Oita!
